Descriptive essay Essay

I turn the key and hear the old engine turn over a few times, struggling to get going. Eventually it starts. The engine sounds rough when cold, but with a few quick revs, it starts to sound a little better. The â€Å"check† light flashes at me until I press the brake pedal to let the car test the brake lights, or press the â€Å"check† button on the roof near the sunroof adjustment switch, between the two visors. When I press the â€Å"check† button, seven small, red, LED lights brighten to show me that they are functioning properly. They are there to warn me of low oil, or low coolant, or to let me know if any brake lights, taillights, or headlights are not working. Clicking the sunroof button reclines the glass above my head. The sun beams into the interior and heats the leather. From the front seats, the pealing and fading grayish-silver paint on the hood is visible. The dark brown dashboard has several cracks, is dusty, and feels smooth to the touch. The tan glove box is protected by lock and secured with all the important documents. The modern stereo was installed improperly and sometimes different speakers fade in and out, and the stereo needs a nudge to get the sound to play in those speakers again. The dashboard lights are very dim at night, and can hardly be seen. The center console contains the dark-brown gear shifter, and around that are four window switches that correspond to the two power windows. Sitting upright in the driver seat gets the sweet smell of food. Fries, Burgers, spilled sour patches, and beef jerky (luckily it only the smell that fills the air, and not the actual food products). Once it starts rolling, the windows go down and the only smell that’s present is the scent of New Jersey pollution. Gas from the vehicle in front of me drips off and skims my tires. The smoke that people are blowing out from cigarettes ahead fills my surroundings with remembrance of death. The car sounds old, and it seems the engine makes a lugging noise while accelerating. The brakes squeal while braking, and sometimes the dark-brown leather steering wheel vibrates. After long trips, the car smells like burnt oil, but when fresh, the car smells like aged leather. If the heat is turned on, the car can become quite warm when fully warmed up, but the air conditioning does not work, so it’s never colder in the car than it is outside. The car tastes like †¦ well I actually don’t know because I don’t lick my car.

Political Culture of Mexico

Mexican Political Culture As once put by Mexican Nobel laureate Octavio Paz, Mexico is a land of â€Å"super-imposed pasts† (McCormick, p. 326). It continues to be and is seen as a melding pot of its European and Native American ideas about society, law and government. Its history has had a major influence on the political culture of Mexico, seen through years of revolution, violence and corruption. Mexico is a considered a new democracy, but there is a tension still seen between democracy and authoritarianism. The country we see today has impressive growth yet is still enduring poverty. It’s a geographically diverse country, with a population of approximately 106million people. Latin American political culture is seen as â€Å"elitist, hierarchical, authoritarian, corporatist and patrimonial. † Various economic pressures and calculated changes being made to the system of government are now challenging these traditions in Mexico, hopefully to ultimately restore the relationship between the government and people. (McCormick, pg. 33) Today, many of the politics we see in Mexico do still reflect the centralized and hierarchical system of the Aztecs, but we see much change in the country after the arrival of Europeans. Until the 15th century, native peoples inhabited the current Mexico. The Mayans and Azteks built a surprisingly sophisticated empire with their own local governments, centralized taxes and court system and beyond. The Spanish arrived in 1519 and by the mid-sixteenth century all of what the native peoples had built had been conquered. The Spaniards left Mexico with a huge influence; they brought religious heritage in Catholicism, which has gone beyond just a religion in Mexico and is embedded in their political culture. â€Å"Spanish Catholicism was based on the idea that political authority emanated from God, and all lower levels of society had progressively less power and status. † (McCormick, p. 334). We see this hierarchical influence still in Mexican political culture today, along with the elitism of the Native American society. The Virgin of Guadalupe is a strong symbol within the Mexican society and their Roman Catholic beliefs. It is said that in December 1531, the Virgin Mary appeared on three occasions to a Christian Indian, Juan Diego, six kilometers north of Mexico City, and identified herself as Guadalupe. It is said that the Guadalupe symbol â€Å"links family, politics and religion; the colonial past and the independent present; and the Indian and the Mexican. It reflects the salient social relationships of Mexican life and embodies the emotions they generate. † (Merrill & Miro, Religion) Devotion to the Virgin Guadalupe remains strong even as Mexican society changes. For example, in a national opinion poll found, nine out of ten Mexicans still continued to ask intercessions from the Virgin or another saint. (Merrill & Miro, Religion) Another huge aspect of Mexican political culture is the Constitution of 1917. Many Mexicans attribute the origins of the political system in Mexico to the Revolution of 1910-1920 and it’s Constitution of 1917. Unlike their American neighbors, the people of Mexico focus and look to the past, not the future, to there missed dreams and hopes. Many people of Mexico support and have faith and pride in the Constitution of 1917, agree with the goals of the Revolution and support their political institutions. (McCormick p. 333) The Constitution is seen more as an outline of the goals Mexico has aspired for. Their believe in the Constitution but recognize it as a work in progress as it still contains many goals that have not achieved, such as the goal of greater equality. The more Mexico strives towards democracy, the more we can begin to pin down and see the final handicaps that stand in between Mexico and democracy. As Mexico has become wealthier, we see now that their middle class is further expanding and there are greater chances and hopes for political modernization, hoping to permanently stray from the corruption seen in the past. Mexico is a federal republic, but power has been traditionally centralized within the ruling political party. Political power in Mexican politics revolves commonly around camarillas, which is a network of people with common political interests, who have specific ties to a particular leader. Each group of camarillas has a single leader and through this, you find that everyone relies on one another for political advancement. In a system like this, unfortunately personalities become more important than ideologies and policies in political matters and behavior. We see through this centralization how corruption in Mexican political history has been so common. Throughout the years of revolution and war, Mexican political culture has been hugely tarnished by seemingly credible evidence of corruption. There is a value of order over freedom. This is especially seen through the years of the PRI party regime, which held power for 71 years in Mexico. Corruption was rampant, and it has created an intense distrust of government within Mexico, to the point that it is now extremely hard to introduce and collect taxes. 50% of all Mexican people still feel that they have little political impact. Another big aspect of Mexican political culture is the idea of machismo. In short, it is assertive masculinity, seen most obviously in the political marginalization of women. (McCormick p. 336). Women in Mexico only won the right to vote in 1953 and still rarely move into positions of authority, especially within the government. The inequality of women is seen predominantly throughout Mexico, with about 70% of all women in the mid-1990’s employed in the tertiary sector of the Mexican economy, commonly with lower wages than those of men. The growing presence of women in the workforce contributed to changes in social attitudes, yet machismo is still a prevalent, traditional social attitude with most women in households subjected to control, domination and violence by men. The violence towards women is extremely apparent, seen in its boldest form in the city of Ciudad Juarez. Over a period of 12 years, murders of over 300 women all went unsolved. We do still see machismo more broadly in Mexico, through political violence such as riots, kidnappings and conflicts related to the drug trade, which are already complex issues on their own. As previously mentioned the political culture in Mexico is still residing within a tension between democracy and authoritarian rule. It seems that as Mexico continues its expansion into democracy, we will eventually see changes to the traditions on what is political culture in Mexico today. Bibliography McCormick, John. Comparative Politics in Transition. Sixth ed. Wadsworth Cengage Learning Paras, Pablo. â€Å"The Political Culture of Democracy in Mexico: 2006. † The Political Culture of Democracy in Mexico: 2006 (2006): 1-198. Sitemason. vanderbilt. edu. Dec. 2006. Web. Jan. 2010. Morris, Stephen D. â€Å"Corruption and Mexican Political Culture. † Corruption and Mexican Political Culture: 1-37. _Www. southalabama. edu/†¦ /crptn%20and%20political%20culture. pdf_. Web. Jan. 2010. Tim L. Merrill and Ramon Miro, editors. Mexico: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1996.

What is the DSPD philosophy?

1. What is the DSPD philosophy? Explain how the operations of the different teams reflect the DSPD philosophy. The DSPD philosophy is Callaway’s belief of making demonstrably superior and pleasingly different products to golfing. This idea was established by Callaway’s previous business experiences and it served as the primary guiding principle for this company, the company that grew out of Hickory Stick USA. Their teamwork is built around five different areas: research and development, information systems, manufacturing, sales, and general/administrative services. The research and development team is responsible for designing, building prototypes, and testing the company’s premium golf equipment. The DSPD theory is evident here because they are thorough when conjuring new ideas of designs for their prototypes, as they make sure that this department of people is trained in a wide range of industries. Next, the information systems team supplies the company’s information needs around the clock using different computer applications. The manufacturing team achieves levels of efficiency, innovation, and safety that are at the top of the golf industry, using the latest manufacturing and assembly techniques. The sales team spans the word, providing gold retailers with the latest advances in golf equipment and the highest quality service. The general/administrative team helps to build and grow the company by supporting the activities of the other teams; they consist of accountants, legal experts, artists, human resource generalists, receptionists, writers, and others. These are the many components that add up to be Callaway’s secret to their DSPD philosophy that has worked so well for them over the years. 2. What team member characteristics does Callaway Golf consider to be important? Callaway Golf ensures that their teams are top-notch by seeking certain skills in each of their members. Although they value diversity, they look for integrity, honesty, daring, enthusiasm, accountability, and hard work in each of their employees. This helps them achieve their â€Å"healthy balance between career and play†, recognizing that this results in â€Å"happier people who are more productive in every aspect of their lives†. This reflects Callaway’s belief in similarities and differences among their employees to forge five very effective teams. 3. Consider the question at the very end of the case: â€Å"Will Callaway be able to maintain this balance in the future? Or will diversity be sacrificed for commonality, or commonality for diversity? † What is the most reasonable answer to this question? Why? The most rational answer to this question is merely yes, they will be able to maintain this balance. It has been 28 years since Ely Callaway entrusted his name into this company that still remains standing tall and strong today. They have managed to keep up with ever changing golfing standards, and it is simply illogical that their practices will somehow fail them in the future. Their employees are ensured to be trained in a colourful range of fields, and their five teams work collectively implementing their well thought out DSPD philosophy, and this is pretty much all they need. These key characteristics are also what got them their strong and wealthy client base, making them a very profitable organization. Despite all this success, they still certify that their workers are always satisfied, and this is also the most vital part to running a company. With satisfied workers, they will always be able to get work done efficiently, and they will be able to tackle and new problems that may come before them in the future. The same way they are able to adapt and entail up until today, they would definitely be able to keep it up in the forthcoming years. . Identify a competitor of Callaway Golf. How does Callaway Golf’s DSPD philosophy compare with the fundamental management philosophy of the competitor? What managerial insights do you gain from making this comparison? One major competitor of Callaway Golf is the Karsten Manufacturing Corporation. They are the manufactures of the world renowned PING golfing equipment. According to their â€Å"about us† section on the official PING website, they are a family owned company founded in 1959 in the garage of Karsten Solheim. His frustration with his putter inspired him to create a new one that made a â€Å"pinging† sound when striking a golf ball. These are the roots to a foundation that has become quite successful today. They feel that this success is owed to their philosophy of crediting their numerous innovations with perimeter weighting, custom fitting, and the use of investment casting in the manufacturing of golf clubs. Solheim insists on adhering to strict engineering principles and tight manufacturing tolerances to raise the level of product performance and quality throughout the golf industry. With Solheim’s death in 2000, his youngest son took over the managerial position and continues to practice these methods. Their products can be found in more than 70 countries today. In comparison to Callaway Golf, Steinway almost seems to measure up. They too focus on innovation and bringing the most modern products to the market. It is clever that both companies are family owned, because that way there would not be drastic changes in management when the CEO changes, as prevented by Karsten. Callaway demonstrates strategic leadership whereas Karsten seems to display more of a corporate governance approach. Callaway has an almost democratic leadership style where they take the opinions of their employees into mind before making drastic decisions. They rely on their input and trust it, because they are picky with employee selection in the first place. 2. Use the Callaway Golf competitor that you identified for the previous question. How does Callaway Golf’s emphasis on teamwork compare with the competitor’s approach to organizing and utilizing the talents of its employees? What insights about teamwork does this comparison provide? PING claims to employ workers in a variety of capacities, including golf club production, customer service, administrative, engineering, and managerial positions. They also claim to be an equal opportunity employer with a competitive compensation and benefits package. In comparison to Callaway, it seems that Callaway not only keeps design in mind, but they also focus on the efficiency of their employees. Although both companies are probably only out to hire the best for their positions, Callaway seems to portray a more worker-sensitive program. Their main approach to productivity is by keeping their workers happy so that they can be more efficient in all aspects of their life. Callaway is also more successful than PING according to sales, and this can easily be linked to Callaway’s DSPD philosophy. This shows that having a democratic leadership style in a company will allow more respect from employees and they will be happier and work harder. Motivated staff members are the key to success, and between the two companies, Callaway seems to be the beholder.

CAD Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CAD Summary - Essay Example He did not undertake aerobic exercises and ate foods rich in cholesterol. NIH (2012) notes that the overall amount of cholesterol is higher than 240 mg/dL, less than 40 mg/dL for HDL, and more than 190 mg/dL for LDL in CAD. (Ondrus, et al. (2013) opine that CAD results from obstruction of the coronary arteries and supports the genetic and environmental factors causing the disease. Besides, Kakouros and Cokkinos (2014) add and say that smoking as my father did could hasten plaque formation, which hinders supply of oxygen to the cardiac muscles. The patient could have an electrocardiogram and ultrasound as tools for screening. On the one hand Rumberger (2011) asserts that the ultrasound detects any changes in the arterial pressure due to obstruction. We (2010) indicates that the importance of the tool is that it is non-invasive and it can be utilized in subclinical arteriosclerosis screening if the condition is advanced. On the other hand Douglas, Garcia, & Haines (2011) is utilized in aiding asymptomatic clients; hence, because my father was exposed to the causative factors, then an ultrasound screening of the carotid plaque can be conducted. Platts and Javorsky (2010) stipulates that ultrasound screening decreases the risk linked with other tools used in screening. The electrocardiograms would come in handy in the determination of the electrical levels of the heart of the patient in order to assess its function-ability that aids in assessing if there are other illnesses affecting the patient. Ondrus, T., Kanovsky, J., Novotny, T., Andrsova, I., Spinar, J., & Kala, P. (2013). Right ventricular myocardial infraction: From pathophysiology to prognosis. Exerimental and Clinical Cardiology, 18(1), 27-30. Platts, D. B., & Javorsky, G. (2010). Comparison of fluoroscopic versus real time three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiographic guidnance of endomyocardial biopses. European Journal of Echocardiography, 34(32),

The Enimga Machine Scholarship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Enimga Machine - Scholarship Essay Example The paper tells that with the evolution of science and technology the meaning and essence of warfare and combat changed a great deal. War was no more confined to conventional bloodshed and mass killings alone, in fact now it encircled attacks on the ideological and intellectual fronts as well. Enigma machine was one such invention that was created to outpace the competition in the field of communication and message transmission using state- of-the-art technology. Enigma machine was a consequent of the advancements and inroads made by the scientists and engineers in the field of wireless communications in the early 20th century. This new mode of communication revolutionized the way traditional communication used to take place. Now getting the message across to geographic regions was becoming easier and viable for commercial as well as military purposes. Enigma machine was a modern solution to the tedious and time consuming process of encipherment. Traditionally confidential messages t o be transmitted from one office or landmark to another were encrypted between the locations. Cryptography was the putting down of a message in coded form known as encoding or encryption. The process of traditional encipherment also entailed the decryption or decoding of the encrypted message received by the receiver. The sender and receiver both used the same code book to encode and decode the message send and received respectively. The encrypted message was always in the form of alphabets or letters that were neither readable by anyone nor interpretable without following a proper and distinct procedure. The information that was hidden under the code was known as plaintext and the coded or encrypted information was referred to as cipher text.2 Need is the mother of invention and it was soon realized that the time consuming process must be replaced by an efficient one to make encipherment faster and more effective. The evolution in the mechanism started in the early 20th century

Comparison of equity and common law in the field of breach of a Essay

Comparison of equity and common law in the field of breach of a fiduciary duty in a trust - Essay Example In "Junior books v Veitchi (1983) 1 AC 520" recovery of economic loss was imposed as liability. And the elements for constituting negligence such as (a) A duty of care owed by the defendant to the plaintiff (b) A bleach of that duty by the defendant (c) consequential damage suffered by the plaintiff (d) Such damages caused by the bleach are formulated. (Peter de Cruz 320) Equity is the Creation of Courts, it is innovative and it provides various quick remedies such as injunction, rescission, rectification and specific performance. Thus equity is not a separate law but it a supplement to the common law. Discretionary is common feature of equitable remedies. Equity has wider scope than the common law. The common law does not look into the conduct of the parties what is required is the claim has to proved. Once the claim is proved the damages are awarded. The common remedy in common law is awarding of damages. In Common law the courts have limited discretionary functions compared to law of equity. (Terence Ingaman 442) Common Law and equity is distinguished on concept of jurisdiction such as "Equitable property interest", "fiduciary obligation", "Unconsciousness" and "Proprietary remedies", which are the distinct concepts developed by the courts of chancery. 1. Equitable Property Interest. Where the interest in the property is vested under the law of equity such as interest in trust property, the interest of the beneficiary over the property in trust is enforceable not only against the trustee but also against the third party who acquires such property. Therefore the beneficiary interest is conceived as proprietary. The beneficiary is at liberty to convert the beneficial interest into the absolute ownership interest at any point of time. Where the interest in the property is vested under the Common law such as through transfer of property, the interest is absolute and the person can exercise such rights over the property for his sole lawful benefits. Where as in equity a trustee with equitable property right exercise his rights over the property for the benefit of the beneficiary and cannot exercised for his benefit. (Peter Cane 187) 2. Unconscionable Conduct: Chancery courts are conscience. As discussed in earlier topic the liability under the common law is strict liability caused due to reasonable misconduct or tortuous act. The Chancery courts under the law of equity are liberal in granting the remedies extending to suspected conduct. Unconscionable act is related to the strict liability to fiduciary and the negligence is to the strict liability in tort. The common law provides remedies to those subjected to harm due to negligence of others where as the law of equity stretches further and provides the relief against the unfair advantage taken by the others. (Peter Cane 191) 3. Fiduciary obligations: Fiduciary obligations are created in trust. The fiduciary in relation to the trust property must act for the benefit of the beneficiary but not for the benefit

Analysis of a Non-Profit Organization Assignment

Analysis of a Non-Profit Organization - Assignment Example According to the research study it is moral obligation of every individual to give back something to the community that has helped the individual to earn a living. Therefore, some people just contribute back to society by providing financial assistance while others dedicate their lives just to serve the ones in need. Non-profit organizations can operate in different fields like medical research, development programs, and health services and so on. The type of NPO that really interests me is Maryland Angels, which is a NPO that conducts research and treatments for cancer patients.   This paper stresses that  starting a non-profit organization is certainly one of the most inspiring way through which one can help those in need and give back to the community. The first and most important thing here is to always remember that serving community is more important than making money. Ironically, monetary contributions are equally important. Hence, the members serving the NPO will have to carefully balance monetary needs. This is also one of the reasons as to why it takes many years to sustain and grow a non-profit entity.  A non-profit organization’s success or failure is totally dependent on its foundations. The stronger the foundations the more people in the society would come forward to contribute.  Making a non-profit organization attractive to donors is probably the most difficult task. Not only has the very survival of the organization is depended on it but also an indication that the society is accepting it.

Foundation of the American constitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Foundation of the American constitution - Essay Example It consisted of ten amendments which basically involved forbidding cruelty and punishments that were excessive and unnecessary as well as providing liberties to the citizens. The first amendment of the constitution was carried out in 1791 and it prohibited obstruction of freedoms of individuals. This was followed by other amendments with time the most fundamental ones being protection of people accused of crime through Miranda warning, the other abolished slavery, prohibited discrimination based on race as well as the most renowned of allowing women the right to vote just to mention a few (Vile, 2010). The constitution remains important as it provides protection and most important justice for all in the United States. The most important part of the constitution is the Bill of Rights that grants freedoms and rights to the citizens ensuring their survival, justice and equality in the country no matter their social class or

Positive and Negative Environmental effects of Genetically Modified Research Paper

Positive and Negative Environmental effects of Genetically Modified Crops - Research Paper Example Still, a number of objections have been raised. This essay examines the positive and negative environmental effects of genetically modified crops. While genetically modified crops have steadily gained support there exists a strong contingent of groups that object to these crops on environmental reasons. Within this contingent some of the strongest objections have been levied by groups concerned with environmental sustainability as well as religious groups that object to genetic modification on moral grounds. Still, it’s clear a growing body of research has pointed to substantial environmental concerns from implementing genetically modified crops. In this context of understanding, one of the predominant concerns is unintended harm to surrounding crops and organisms. For instance, a recent study indicated that, â€Å"pollen from B.t. corn caused high mortality rates in monarch butterfly caterpillars† (‘Transgenic Pollen’, pg. 214). While this study was not co nducted in natural conditions, other researchers have argued similar contentions. In these regards, it’s been noted that pollen and other genetically modified crop outgrowth holds a strong potential for spreading to surrounding areas and detrimentally affecting the life-cycle of a variety of organisms. Another prominent environmental concern related to the use of genetically modified crops is the reported potential of gene-transfer to non-target species. Essentially this concern indicates that crops that have been genetically modified for stringent resistance to weather conditions or other areas of detriment will transfer their crop resistance to less desirable outgrowth. For instance, â€Å"crop plants engineered for herbicide tolerance and weeds will cross-breed, resulting in the transfer of the herbicide resistance genes from the crops into the weeds. These "superweeds" would then be herbicide tolerant as well† (Whitman). These concerns have emerged in a number of r eal-world contexts, with lawsuits emerging in situations where adjacent genetically modified crop-land have reportedly infected non-modified crops. Another prominent concern in this area of understanding is the worry of the reduced effectiveness of pesticides. This concern takes a variety of forms as farmers of non-genetically modified crops worry that new species of insects might emerge in response to genetically modified crops that are then entirely resistant to traditional forms of pesticides. While there have been a variety of proposed solutions to the above mentioned environmental concerns, it’s clear that at least in the present technological environment they remain viable worries for farmers not directly involved in the production of genetically modified strains of crop. Even as substantial environmental objections exist to genetically modified crops, researchers note that there is considerable environmental support for this mode of agricultural production. One of the major noted environmental benefits for farmers is the increased pest resistance of genetically modified crops. One of the primary areas where such genetic modification has had a tremendous impact on farming is in developing regions. In these areas, â€Å"agricultural production does not merely function as a means of economic profit, but is oftentimes intimately linked to the population’

Research Projects Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research Projects - Essay Example The first is to attain a greater understanding of the world around us, with the assumption here being that new' knowledge facilitates that. The second is the reshaping of the world and reorganisation of the framework within which human activities unfold for the explicated purpose of bring the reality closer to the ideal (Sekaran, 2003). Although, at first glance, the second cited aim may sound unduly ambitious and somewhat arrogant, closer inspection proves otherwise. Were one to briefly consider the fact that medical research has led to the evolution of technologies which have significantly lengthened average human life spans, or that electronic communications research has led to the evolution of the internet, we find that the gap between the ideal and the real, although vast, has been somewhat reduced. Moreover, were we to momentarily reflect upon the fact that scientific research has led to the evolution of instruments and technologies as would give us better understanding of the health of our environment, s a strategy for forestalling crisis, we would again concede that research is fulfilling is articulated aims of explaining and reshaping the world. The research pr On the basis of the above, one may affirm that the aims of research are to uncover new knowledge with the purpose of doing so being to improve the world and human life. Research Process The research process varies in accordance with the research field and the selected research methodology. Hence, as noted by Jackson (1994) within the parameters of scientific research, the process is primarily framed by the collection of primary data and experimentation while, within the context of a humanities' based research, the process is framed by the examination of secondary data in light of new developments, generally tending towards the theoretical and the explanatory and involving little, if any, experimentation (Jackson, 1994). In other words, the research process, defined as the methodology pursued (Jackson, 1994) differs in accordance with subject matter and selected research method. Although the research process is variable, the fact is that the process comprises a number of steps which, if the research subscribes to accepted academic standards and criteria, is cross-disciplinary. All research, as argued by Creswell (2003) proceeds from a specified research problem, an articulated research question and a hypothesised solution to the problem and response to the question. These three steps, research problem, research question and hypothesis, frame the research itself whereby all succeeding research activity is founded upon, and guided by them (Creswell, 2003). In other words, irrespective of research discipline and methodology, the research process comprises the three steps outlined. Based on the above elucidation of the research process, one may not that the process is inextricably connected to the earlier mentioned research reasons. As earlier stated, a research is motivated by the compulsion to uncover new knowledge and to resolve existent problems. These general research aims are narrowed down to a specific problem, question and hypothesis during the research process. Therefore, one may safely assert that the reasons for research and

View from the bridge Essay Example for Free

View from the bridge Essay Convention of a western gun fight related relates to the idea of Brooklyn being the Wild West. In the 1950 cowboy films were very popular. They all had certain common redeem into it which Miller uses to portray his confrontation. In a cowboy film you will have one gun fighter coming down the main street. in the play Marco appears outside, walking down the door from a distance point, Then you will have one gun fighter refusing to leave the town Eddie says where? Where am I going? , one gun fighter adjusting his belt Eddie hosting his pants ,the arriving of a gun fighter asking for a challenge. . Marco is calling as he nears the door shouting Eddie Carbone and the other fighter issuing a counter challenge Eddie as though flinging his challenge. Eddie shouts out his name three times to show he is not ashamed of his name because the whole play is about reputation and people wanting there names to be respected. In the counter challenge an actor would show Eddies aggression by swaggering his body as he walks up to Marco, his voice would be sounding aggressive to show anger and clench his arms as he punches the air. Millers also has a western convention of a crowd of no lookers standing on the side walks watching the fight. Miller has realised that people enjoy watching a fight, but are not willing to try to stop it. Eddies public address on stage is a dramatic pause because it is full of rhetorical questions which nobody can answer back. He wants the crowd to answer yes but the audience and Marco know that its false. He does this to make the crowd on stage his side. This is very dramatic because Eddie uses strong accusations on Marco how ungrateful he has been and also refers to the story of the Good Samaritan in the bible to make his accusation stronger. During all this Marco is impassive which makes him menacing and this would frustrate Eddie. Moreover the silent Marco is waiting like a silent gunfighter waiting for his opponent to make the first move. Miller brings in the western cowboy style by making Marco and Eddie spread there arms just like two cowboys with there gun hovering over there own gun butts in a western film. This fight between Marco and Eddie is very brutal because they are both trying to use there physical power against each other. Eddie pulls out a knife out to finish the fight off like in a street fight because he knows Marco is stronger. Immediately Marco strikes him and shouts animaaaaal and later he says it again to show that Eddie does not reason. Miller has the fight so brute to show that men dont reason when they are controlled by passion and it raises the question whether this is the way men behave. Miller want to make it clear that what ever the characters on stage might think this is not an honourable ting to do. Eddie is being forced to stab him self is symbiotic of his own self destruction in a tragedy. The hero has to realise what he should have done before actually dieing. When Eddie says My B he realises it is Beatrice he loves. When the tragic hero dies, the audience feel sympathy because he would have avoided the whole thing at the beginning. At the moment of Eddies death a dramatic tableau is created when Eddie dies in Beatrices arms as she covers Eddie in her body. At the end of the play the crowd on stage turn to the audience and the lights are turned down leaving Beatrice and Eddie in a glow while behind in dull prayers of the people and the keening of for women continue. The audience see a man who is dead with his wife and her women keening in the background in dull prayers. The idea of dull prayers is Eddie didnt die as a hero instead he dies as a waste. All this puts the audience in the right frame of mind to listen to the epilogue. The epilogue, a traditional feature of a tragedy, delivers the moral to remind the audience. For example in Romeo and Juliet the princes message was what hatred would bring to families and in Macbeth, Malcolm says that a good king brigs peace and harmony. In view from the bridge the epilogue is that men who are pure in following there code of honour but the code of honour itself was perverse because it doesnt allow those who follow it to settle for half. However another persons tragedy is entertaining if it doesnt evolve you or if the same thing doesnt happen to you. Miller finishes with an ellipsis followed by the word alarm. He wants to alarm the audience what would happen if they allowed passion to control them. Millers point towards the play is to remind people what would happen if countries started behaving like people. There will be massive amounts of lives lost, for example the USA fighting with Iraq. However what happens if a country decides to take the law into there own hands and not settle for half? Â   Simon Gesage Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.

Poverty and Lifeboat Ethics Essay Example for Free

Poverty and Lifeboat Ethics Essay A famous Chinese proverb goes: â€Å"Give a man a fish and he will eat for a day; teach him how to fish and he will eat for the rest of his days.† Although this wise advice was given thousands of years ago, nowadays looks like no powerful or rich government on Earth understands that sentence. Garrent Hardin, author of â€Å"Lifeboat Ethics: The Case Against Helping the Poor† show us an honest perspective on how the rich countries in the world, by donating food and money, instead of helping poor countries get out of their misery, cause more hunger and strife. In addition, he tells us that overpopulation in poor countries should be controlled soon, or the current situation will turn ugly very fast. Although Hardin’s evidence is almost indisputable, his position is not. I understand why the author believes that helping poor people is a bad idea but he isn’t looking at many others sides of the situation. At the beginning, my reaction was the opposite. I was totally convinced by Hardin’s theory. I desperately sought a place within a â€Å"lifeboat!† But after discussing the essay in class, and hearing myself repeat Hardin’s words that express his indifference about poor people, and also rethinking his thesis in which poor people don’t have a chance for a better life, I changed my position. I can’t support those ideas because in my own point of view, they are false. It is just not true. Some countries and some societies already made a change. Some countries like South Korea, Singapore and China have broken the poverty cycle. We shouldn’t be so negative and we must remember that even the poorest people on the planet have imagin ation, ideas, beliefs and an imperative necessity to change their own universe. However, I think that the answer is within Hardin’s thesis too. Poor people don’t need food and clothes only in cases of emergency. Instead, they need a few rich governments interested in giving them tools and ways to improve their economies, to develop their ideas and to use their creative minds. Without that little help all life in this planet will disappear. So, helping the poor is also a way of helping everyone else, even rich people. And here Hardin’s thoughts are necessary: â€Å"Without a true world government, controlled reproduction and the use of available resources, the sharing ethic of the spaceship is impossible.† (Lifeboat Ethics: The Case Against Helping the Poor. Pg. 310.) If the poorest destroy their natural resources, the consequences will be for everyone, regardless of how much each possesses. In conclusion, I think Hardin is correct when he asks about the future on Earth, if we take statistics and analyze their results for the year 2050. However, his position against helping poor people and trying to eliminate them from the face of the Earth is wrong. I believe in a true world, where rich countries use their development technology and their healthy, well-nourished minds to decrease the percentage of poverty in the world, and where everyone wins the right to live in this, our planet Earth.

Analysis of McDonalds’ Expansion Strategy

Analysis of McDonalds’ Expansion Strategy Introduction: McDonalds is one of the most giant burger brands in the global fast food chain which is presented in nearly 120 countries (Keegan and Green, 2013). However, McDonald still has to challenge with a number of problems arisen in not only home market but also global market (CBS Chicago, 2014). Based on its report of final quarter last year, there was a huge number of its customers purchasing McDonalds’ products has been decreased. Especially in the U.S market in 2013, the company has lost more than 1.6 percent of its customers compared to the same moment with previous years (CBS Chicago, 2014). Question 1: McDonalds has lost its customer attraction in home market, however, its reputation is still popular in emerging markets due to the lack of trust on their local brands (Doctoroff, 2014). Understanding this opportunity, McDonald has made a decision of expanding its business to the global market (Rudarakanchana, 2013). Though McDonalds segmented its business in a number of parts, the quality of its products and services has been claimed that: â€Å"McDonald’s was built on a strong foundation of a core menu that we took around the world but we need to make sure we are more locally relevant,† (Grant, 2006). In particular, the quality of its products will be locally delivered that is different with other regions by applying ‘polycentric orientation’ which related to ‘localized approach’ (Keegan and Green, 2013). This answer will use four main aspects of marketing mix to analyse how McDonalds run its business locally in its segmentations. Product: When McDonalds entered the India market, it coped with the problems of beefs products in there because the most Indian people follow the Hinduism avoid using meat from beef or cow (Rowley, 2012). Hence, McAloo Tikki which is a beef-free burger has been provided in the India market and quickly became the most favourite products in India McDonalds (Hickman, 2013). In addition, in the France, McDonalds has also produced the McCamembert for the local market which using the Camembert cheese the popular cheese brand in France (Tepper, 2013). Moreover, McArabia burger product, which uses chicken sandwiched between a long bread, has been presented in the Middle East market (Hickman, 2013). Place: McDonalds’ expansion strategy has been executed with a huge number of nearly 40 thousands stores in over 110 countries (McDonalds, 2014). Taking advantages from this succeed and its experience in home market, the corporation planned to keep increasing the number of over 400 drive-thru stores to compete with other rivals in global market (Vignali, 2001). For example, McDonalds in the UK has opened its stores in diversified places but still focused on high traffic locations such as in shopping malls, near entertainment areas or at airports and train stations (McDonalds, 2014). It happened as the same as in India McDonalds where has more than 200 restaurants in the final quarter of 2010. McDonalds established also nearly 2000 outlets in China and approximately 1000 restaurants in France (Keegan and Green, 2013). Price: The price for a McDonalds’ burger, in particular the Big Mac, was created based on the average wages of customers in the market. The higher minimum wages is, the higher price of a Big Mac will be charged (The Economist, 2014). The Figure 1 will present the differences of prices of Big Mac that McDonalds charges in some popular markets. The income rank of India has been considered as a lower in the middle class with the minimum wage from USD 5 to USD 6 per day (Office of Labour Department, 2014). Hence, the price of USD 1.54 for a Big Mac of McDonalds is much cheaper compared to the price in the UK market with the price for a Big Mac burger is charged USD 4.63, approximately equal price in the US home market. Promotion: Firstly, understanding the habits of watching commercial on television in China, McDonalds in China plans to attract its customers through print media (Vignali, 2008). In addition, ‘Green’ promotion has been executed in India with the claim of no beef products delivered (Keegan and Green, 2013). Secondly, sponsorship activities have been implemented in a number of sports. For example, in the USA, McDonalds maintains close relationship with the most favourite basketball league NBA to attract the awareness of its audience on McDonalds’ brand (Vignali, 2008). Brand name of the McDonalds was also changed in order to be suitable to the market. For example, in Australia, Macca’s was known as McDonalds in there (The Telegraph, 2013). Thirdly, sales promotion has been also delivered to McDonalds’ customers. For example, â€Å"Another burger each weekend† promotion was conducted in Czech market which provided different tastes of burgers (Keegan and Gre en, 2013, pp. 55) Question 2: For a giant service-orientated corporation as McDonalds, there will exist a number of arisen problems related to environmental aspects that influence the internationalisation of its brand. This paper will analyse these impacts by using the PEST framework which will be briefly presented in Figure 2. Factors Opportunities Threats Political Conflicts between national government and Beijing’s government in terms of McDonalds promotion plan Legislators and critics discouragements in terms of McDonalds’ impacts on French food culture Economic China is one of the rapidest-developing market Currency instability Social Indian customers are interested in McDonalds Indian prevents using beefs products French complains about World Cup sponsorship of McDonalds Technological Designing outlets by using more glass window and air cooling systems in India Applying electronic devices to provide better services Creating Order Application Political factor: In order to conduct a huge investment on promotion strategy in China, McDonalds has spent more than USD 1 billion on building a big shopping mall in the middle of Beijing where is considered as a crowded area. However, though having agreements from Beijing government, this project of McDonalds was still postponed by the nation government of China (Keegan and Green, 2013). In France, concerning the negative impacts of McDonalds into traditional lifestyle of French people, there was a lot of legislators and critics has been in disagreements with continuing to allow McDonalds’ outlets to be established more (Keegan and Green, 2013). Economic factor: Due to the hundred time of development in terms of meal industry in India, McDonalds has considered this statistic as one of potential changes to expand its business in this market. Hence, the company opened a number of outlets mainly in areas where have high customer traffic (McDonalds, 2014). Since McDonalds has realized the potential of fast food industry in China, it has planned to enter this market and achieved considerable outcomes in terms of profits and customer attentions. Hence, China was considered by McDonalds as the rapidest-developing market that stimulates the company to keep expanding in there (Keegan and Green, 2013). However, currency instability was also recognized as one of serious threats for McDonalds in terms of economical factor. Due to its main proportion of profits generated from external American market, there may cause a significant threats to McDonalds’ profit if exchange rates are not constant. For example, in 2012, nearly 0.5 percent of company’s revenue has been decreased because of this issue of exchange rates (Gasparro, 2012). Social factor: The customer expectation for the fast food industry was increased strongly in India when McDonalds entered this market in 1996. After a number of being presented here, the amount of money for purchasing fast food products has been increased strongly and will be expected to be increased up to 1.5 time in 2016 compared to the statistic in 2013 (Nayak, 2013). However, there still has a number of considerations towards this factors. For example, most Indian people follow the Hinduism which indicated that beefs and products from beefs will not able to be used in there. Therefore, McDonalds has had to design a different menu for its customers in this market (Hickman, 2013). In addition, the presence of its brand in World Cup 1998 in France was received a lot of criticisms in terms of health issues from French people. Technological factor: Understanding the fast innovation of technology that affects considerably towards business strategy, McDonalds has spent much efforts on planning to apply high-technological devices in delivering its services (Patton, 2013). In order to make its customer comfortable and be relax when using McDonalds’ services, iPod and television were provided to customers to use. In addition, in India, glass window and air cooling systems have been used to help McDonalds’ outlets in this market satisfy Indian customers (Keegan and Green, 2013). Question 3: Assuming that McDonalds has decided to expand its business into Vietnam fast food market, the following step is very essential for the corporation to start planning a strategy to deliver its products in this market. This part will use the international market entry strategy which will be outlined in Figure 3 to provide recommendations for McDonalds. Indirect exporting: This decision of market entry was considered as the safest way for the McDonalds. When this type of strategy is chosen, the company will not participate to export its product oversea and it also not participate in marketing strategy in the target market (Lambin, Chumpitaz and Schuiling, 2007). For example, McDonalds may trade its products with a local company and allow to sell these products into Vietnam market. Hence, this local company will take responsibility for the sales of these products. However, with the weak connections between McDonalds and its products, the company may be unsuccessful to attract the huge awareness from target customers (Lambin, Chumpitaz and Schuiling, 2007). Direct exporting: In contrast with the indirect exporting decision, with the direct exporting strategy, McDonalds will straight participate to export its products to a Vietnamese company to sell it in this market. The advantage of this action is that the company can ensure its marketing strategy in the targeted market (Lymbersky, 2008). Hence, though McDonalds has to spend a lot of efforts on justifying the market before making decision, it will have more power on managing its sales and marketing activities in the foreign market (Lymbersky, 2008). Direct investment: The popular activity related to this direct investment strategy is to collaborate with a local company in the target market, particularly Vietnam market, in order to create a joint venture form. The advantage of this activity is that McDonalds is not the only one who has to suffer risks from entering new markets, especially in terms of profits. It also has a chance to acquire more information of the market from its partner. However, managerial issues can be arisen when working with the local company due to the dissimilarity between two cultures (Keegan and Green, 2013). Indirect investment: Related to this type of strategy, licensing and franchising are considered as two popular methods which are used to plan to enter a new market (Keegan and Green, 2013). Licensing. Similar to direct investment decision, licensing will be used for the long-term purpose which provides less risks to the company, in this case is McDonalds. The local company in the targeted market will be empowered to use the reputation of McDonalds to distribute products in its market (Lymbersky, 2008). Because of using image of popular products, it will create an opportunity for the local distributor to attract a huge number of customers for these products that related to increase sales revenue (Lambin, Chumpitaz and Schuiling, 2007). Hence, McDonalds in this case may take profit benefits from this method. However, it is also considered as a risk for McDonalds due to the lack of power on controlling the delivered marketing strategy of the distributors into the market (Lambin, Chumpitaz and Schuiling, 2007). Franchising. Franchising plays as one of recommendations for investing indirectly to enter the new market. This method is the agreement between the franchiser, in this case is McDonalds, and the franchisee who will be empowered by McDonalds to sell its products in the targeted market (Jobber and Fahy, 2009). Though it seems to be similar to licensing, there is a difference that the franchise will run its business as the same as the business in the host country (Keegan and Green, 2013). For example, there will be an outlet of McDonalds in Vietnam which has the same design of outlets and deliver the same services with McDonalds in the US. This type of market entry strategy has been also used by McDonalds in overall markets that it entered (McDonalds, 2014). The main advantage of this decision is that McDonalds, who plays as the franchiser role, can apply its global marketing strategy to its outlet in Vietnam. Moreover, it is easy for McDonalds for controlling the quality of delivered p roducts, the quality of recruited staffs in the Vietnamese outlet to ensure the similarity between its outlets in home market and in Vietnam. Hence, it could be seen that Vietnamese customers can have a chance to experience the products and services as the same as it is delivered in the U.S (Lymbersky, 2008). Taking advantages from the success in terms of franchising strategy in the world market and the popularity of its reputation, it could be recommended that franchising should be adapted in the Vietnamese market. Question 4: Based on the global expansion strategy of McDonalds, ‘Plan to Win’ was designed in order to create a standard marketing plan which will be adapted in any market in general (McDonalds, 2014). However, for a particular market as Vietnam fast food market, there still has to concern in a number of factors initiatively that influence the strategy of marketing to create competitive advantage. Porter’s five forces model (Porter, 2008) will be used to explain in detail. Threat of New Entrants. With the positive GDP growth of the economy started from 2004, Vietnam was reported as one of the fastest and the most stable economy in Asia. In addition, in 2007, Vietnam has been conceded as one of official members of WTO and the government of this country has renovated its laws and regulations which provided open opportunities for multinational companies like McDonalds to enter Vietnamese market. (KPMG, 2012). Threat of Power of Suppliers. Though there is a lot of potential local suppliers for food ingredients and equipment for fast food services, only few current foreign brands in Vietnam accepted to participate with them due to disagreements (Vietnamnet Bridge, 2014). Hence, there has a chance for McDonalds to find its suppliers in the local market to reduce the cost from importing oversea if the company find solutions for this issue. Threat of Power of Buyers. Due to the increase of young population and the high proportion of middle income customers in Vietnam, the demand for reputable brands, particularly in fast food restaurants, has been raise rapidly (Azzaro, 2012). Hence, it partly reduces pressures for McDonalds entering the new Vietnam fast food market. Threat of Substitute Products. In case of charging the price of McDonalds’ products as similar as them in some Asian market, McDonalds may have to suffer the loss of customers to substitute products. For example, steam sticky rice, pho or noodles are popular traditional fast food in Vietnam which can be considered as substitute products for burgers of McDonalds (Vietnamnet Bridge, 2014). Threat of Competitors. McDonalds could be considered as a late fast food giant in Vietnamese fast food market because there was a number of giants, for example, KFC, Lotteria, Starbucks, Subway or Burger King have earlier entered the market than McDonalds (Vu, 2014). Understanding these five forces can help McDonalds to create its own competitive advantage over its current rivals in Vietnam fast food industry. Presented as a late competitor in this market, in order to compete with its competitors, it could be recommended that spending significant efforts on executing its marketing plan is very important though â€Å"Plan to Win† global strategies has been provided with clear marketing mix. As the same as obtaining qualitative and quantitative results by creating an effective marketing plan, there are three marketing executing tools which are popular to be applied to implement its plans (Pride and Ferrell, 2008). Customer Relationship Management. Though researching on customer’s needs before entering the market is necessary, maintaining the relationship between McDonalds and its customers is also important. (Pride and Ferrell, 2008). Hence, McDonalds should collect information or feedbacks of customers who used its products and classify this data to enhance the better services to the customers. Since potential customers are satisfied, it is less challenge for the company to create marketing plans to maintain the relationship with its customers in long term (Pride and Ferrell, 2008). Internal Marketing. Customers are not only known as people who use products or services but also known as the human resources who directly participate in delivering products and services of a company. This is considered as internal customers (Saxena, 2009). Therefore, the company should assign clear job tasks and suitable reward systems for employees that fulfil their expectations to help them commit to contribute to the success of the company (Pride and Ferrell, 2008). Total Quality Management. Due to the low-priced products strategy, McDonalds has to spend a considerable effort to effectively control the quality of its products and services. It is not only related to ensure the customer relationship maintenance but also its suppliers’ relationships in order to increase its market shares and reduce the costs of production (McDonalds, 2014). Therefore, the company can satisfy its customers by delivering cheaper products but still ensuring its high quality. Conclusion: This paper has attempted to analyse McDonalds’ expansion strategy and provided justification and executing plain for entering Vietnam fast food market. With the positive researched information of fast food market in Vietnam, it could be believed that McDonalds will be successful to attract the customers and compete other rivals to become market leader in there. However, adjustments for this marketing plan will be required due to the change of environmental factors in the market.

A Tale Of Two Cities :: essays research papers

Foreshadowing is used in many of Charles Dickens' novels. It can bring about a sense of wonder and imagination of what might occur later in the novel. The conceopt of foreshadowing means to present a warning sign, or hint beforehand. Dickens is able to use this concept in three examples. The threatening footsteps in the Manette home, Gaspard's illustration of "blood," and Mr. Lorry's dream of brinnging a man back to life, are all examples of warning or foreshadowing. that Dickens' uses in his novel A Tale of Two Cities. Lucie Manette hears uncomforing footsteps in her home in Soho, which is the first example of foreshadowing. The steps that she ususually heard always represented people who came in and out of her life. Yet, the night before the French Revolution began she heard "Headlong, mad, and dangerous footsteps" (198). These noises which she heard made her uneasy and she questioned her guests "They are veyr numetrous, and very loud, though, are tthey not?" (197). Lucie had been fearful of the safety of her guests on such a cautious night "I am quite glad you are at home, for these hurries and forebodings by which I haveen surrounded all day long have made me nervous without reason? (197). The fear within Lucie Manette on that tevening foreshadowed the threat of aa revolution. The footsteps are the first example of foreshadowing. Gaspard wrote outside of the winehsop with the spilled wine "blood," which is the second example of foreshadowing. " The fellow pointed to his joke with immense significacance" (27). Defarge quickly took mud and smeared it over, for the idea of revolution was fresh

National Science Foundation Pre-doctoral Fellowship Essay -- Medical E

National Science Foundation Pre-doctoral Fellowship Biotin is an essential vitamin for humans; it must be included in infant formulas and in fluids for intravenous nutrition. Even though it is a necessary component of our diet, we do not yet know the mechanism by which biotin, also known as vitamin H, is synthesized in the body from dethiobiotin. The enzyme that accomplishes this conversion has been termed biotin synthase. This enzyme catalyzes the insertion of sulfur at nonactivated positions of dethiobiotin, between carbons C1 and C4, to generate biotin. This mechanism is of interest because it appears to involve uncommon chemistry and because of the commercial value of the product. Biotin is sold as a pharmaceutical and as a food and cosmetic additive. This water soluble vitamin is essential for the growth and well-being of animals and humans, and it is used in the formation of fats the utilization of carbon dioxide. Prof. Richard H. Holm's bioinorganic chemistry class sparked my interest in the understanding of enzyme mechanisms as model systems for the design of more selective drugs and better synthetic catalysts that allow us to run reactions with good yield, little waste, and inexpensively. Having worked for two years with Prof. JoAnne Stubbe on the mechanism of nucleotide reduction in E. coli by ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase, I have come to appreciate the positive effects of an understanding of this mechanism in the synthesis of more efficient drugs for the treatment of cancer and viral diseases. Increased knowledge of the biotin biosynthase mechanism should allow us to produce biotin more efficiently, and the knowledge gained from this mechanism could be applied to similar enzymes. Despite recent advan... ...should aid me in designing more successful experiments. Works Cited 1. Sanyal, I., G. Cohen, and D.H. Flint. (1994) Biochemistry 33, 3625-3631. 2. Birch, O.M., M. Fuhrmann, and N.M. Shaw. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 19158-19165. 3. Sanyal, I., K.J. Gibson, and D.H. Flint. (1996) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 326, 48-56. 4. MÃ ©jean, A., B. Tse Sum Bui, D. Florentin, O. Ploux, Y. Izumi, and A. Marquet. (1995) Eur. J. Biochem. 217, 1231-1237. 5. Frappier, F., M. Jouany, A. Marquet, A. Olesker, and J.C. Tabet. (1982) J. Org. Chem. 1982, 2257-2261. 6. Parry, R.J. (1983) Tetrahedron 39, 1215-1238. 7. Parry, R.J. and M.G. Kunitani. (1979) Methods Enzymol. 62, 353-370. 8. Trainor, D.A., R.J. Parry, and A. Gitterman. (1980) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 102, 1467-1468. 9. Baldet, P., H. Gerbling, S. Axiotis, and R. Douce. (1993) Eur. J. Biochem. 217, 479-485.

Terrorism - A Peaceful Jihad is an Oxymoron :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Terrorism - A Peaceful Jihad is an Oxymoron In June of 2002, when asked to give a graduation speech at Harvard, Zayed Yasin, a Muslim, wrote a speech in which he explained his definition of a Jihad. In accordance with the subject matter, Yasin titled his speech â€Å"My American Jihad.† When Harvard requested him to change the title, he complied. This action, though, stirred up many who believed Yasin had a right to use his original title. From the stance John Milton takes in his essay, Aeropagitica, one can clearly see that he would argue against Harvard’s decision to censor the title of Yasin’s speech. Milton, however, overzealously defends free speech and fails to recognize that the authorities must withhold some things from people under their governing authority. Though Yasin appears to attempt to portray a different aspect of the word â€Å"Jihad† in his speech than that aspect that has dominated America over the past year, he fails to recognize its more common meaning. Rather, he excuses the common meaning as having been â€Å"corrupted and misinterpreted.† In his speech, Yasin explains that to him, Jihad â€Å"is the determination to do right, to do justice even against your own interests. It is an individual struggle for personal moral behavior.† Yasin continues to explain his definition of Jihad and gives more details about it. According to author Abdullah Al Araby, although Yasin correctly describes Jihad as a personal, inner struggle, Jihad also means, â€Å"fighting in the name of Allah.† Al Araby explains, â€Å"In this sense Jihad is the struggle for the cause of spreading Islam, using all means available to Muslims, including force. This kind of Jihad is often referred to as ‘Holy War’.â₠¬  As a result of the recent September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, people refer to this definition when discussing the term Jihad. Contrary to popular belief, Islam does not teach peace to the extent most Americans think it does. The Qu’ran, the holy book of Islam, commands, "Fight (kill) them (non-Muslims), and Allah will punish (torment) them by your hands, cover them with shame" (Surah 9:14). Numerous similar commands exist in the Qu’ran (Al Araby). Not only does Yasin present a misleading and deceptive argument by explaining merely half of the meaning of the term Jihad, but he also, by using the term in conjunction with the adjective â€Å"American,† implies that Americans participate in Jihad.

What is the meaning of the Ninth Commandment?

The basic premise behind the ninth commandment is truth, whether it is truth in deed, truthful speech or honest thoughts.   If we take the meaning of the commandment further and interpret the words to mean that a person should not lie, then we can understand better how this commandment might impact our daily life, especially in today’s modern environment where deception, and white lies appear to be condoned by our western society. The ninth commandment requires for each individual to be honest in his or her dealings with others, but analysis of the term â€Å"lying† reveals that there is more to being truthful than accurate reporting.The Oxford Modern English Dictionary (1996) defines â€Å"truth† as being â€Å"the quality or state of being true or truthful† (p. 1114) and â€Å"truthful† as â€Å"habitually telling the truth† (p.1114).   By comparison the definition of the term â€Å"lying† in the same dictionary is listed as â₠¬Å"part of a lie†¦deceitful, false† (p.595) where â€Å"Lie† is described as â€Å"an intentionally false statement† (p. 573).   From these interpretations it is easy to reach the conclusion that the definition of both truth and lying is steeped more in the intention of the individual rather than individual acts or words spoken.Brevard Childs (1974) believed that the original idea behind the ninth commandment was a legal one, rather than an ethical one, in that he translated the original text to mean that a person should not tell lies in a court of law (Childs, 1974), however the more modern viewpoint on the meaning of the commandment appears to be related to individual accountability and a desire to live a life of truth (St. John in the Wilderness, 2001, [online]).There are many different ways a person can lie including withholding the truth, slandering another person or action, or telling white lies and despite ethical discussions to the contrary all of these actions are considered untruthful from a biblical perspective.   For example in Leviticus 19:11, we are told, â€Å"you shall not steal, you shall not deal falsely, and you will not lie to one another† (NRSV).   Later in the same chapter we are again told, â€Å"you shall not go around as a slanderer among your people†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Leviticus 19:16). These are just two of the copious number of biblical references that can be found that encourage each individual to be a truthful person, but how relevant is this truth in modern society?Terence Fretheim (1991) interpreted the ninth commandment to convey a foundation for community and social living.   He wrote, â€Å"unless there is an arena in which there is public confidence that social reality will be reliably described and reported† (Fretheim, p.848), the concept of community could not exist.  Ã‚   Blatnik (2004) corroborates that idea and goes on to say, â€Å"there is no community on the face of public lies† (p.3).   Blatnik (2004) also mentions verses in Ephesians that point towards the idea that â€Å"we are bound to each other in a way that a lie in one place, a lie at one level, a lie by one person, is like a ripple in a pond – the whole pond is ultimately affected† (p.3).Walter Brueggemann (1994) wrote in his book that the ninth commandment is â€Å"a recognition that community life is not possible unless there is an arena in which there is public confidence that social reality will be reliably described and reported† (p.26).   He believed that not only was truth an important part of a just and fair legal system, but that truth should be evident in all forms of public interaction.   For example the modern idea that skewing the truth in the advertisement of products in mass media forums is an accepted part of society, but essentially if public truth cannot reflect public reality then an important part of society is undermined and we as members of this society tend, over time, to distrust the messages we get from mass media sources.In his book Commandments of Compassion, Keenan (1999) suggest that as a society we need to â€Å"create a space where truth can be told† (p.4). He believes that truth should be evident in personal relationships, family relationships and public dealings we have with other members of our community.   Unfortunately this level of truth can only be created if all members of society were totally honest with each other and as it is not possible for us as human beings, to read the thoughts of another person, it is often difficult to tell if a person we are dealing with has the same commitment towards living a truthful life as we ourselves would like to have.John Timmerman (1997) also wrote about how to be truthful in all of our relationships, both personal and public. He emphasized the different ways we as individuals could achieve this level of truthfulness and suggested that if we were caref ul in the words we spoke so that we did not give another person the wrong impression, and combined this with attentive listening to another person, then these actions could increase our own individual ability to be truthful at all times.   Timmerman also noted that the idea of promises were almost a sacred act, in that as we believe in the promises from God, so we should ensure that we only make promises we can keep (Timmerman, 1997).According to John Ritenbaugh (1997) lying is rife in our communities.   His article mentions surveys that show that students lie to their parents about 50% of the time, that people in personal relationships lie about 30 percent of the time to their partner, while 12% of four million Americans in the job market had lost their jobs because they had misleading information on their resumes (Ritenbaugh, 1997).   He suggested that the reason lying was so prevalent in our society was because we tend to use other terms for lying, such as â€Å"exaggerati ng† or â€Å"inaccuracy† to describe the untruths.We seem as a society to accept that politicians are up to no good, that a salesman is probably â€Å"putting us on† and that big corporations must be doing something illegal because they make so much money.   The fact that these beliefs have permeated our social fabric to such a degree that these thoughts are commonplace shows just how little truth we expect from others in our daily lives.   This fact alone would suggest that because we do not expect others to tell us the truth, we might be less likely to be truthful ourselves.   It would seem that much of society is based on the idea that ‘everyone else is doing it† so therefore we can absolve ourselves of being accountable and honest in our own dealings with others.The Bible gives us countless examples of what it means to be truthful.   Deuteronomy 32:4 says â€Å"He is the rock, His work is perfect; for all His ways are justice, a God of tr uth and without injustice; righteous and upright is He† (NSRV). The teachings from Jesus also contain ideas on how to be truthful, especially in terms of the role model he became for other people.   Jesus was an example of a person who lived by his words on a daily basis, and it is through his example that we can see what changes we might need to put in place in our own lives, to be a better and more truthful person.A Christian student goes to a Christian college with the expectation that the people who share the campus with them are going to live by the same standards as themselves.   One of these expectation is that the other students, the tutors and even the administration staff of the college will all want to abide by the ten commandments and sometimes it can be bit of a shock to us to find that not only are there countless people in general society that fail to live by the commandments on a daily basis, but that some of the people in the college are also failing to li ve by the high standards set by Jesus Christ.However, it is my personal opinion that when it comes to attendance at a Christian educational institution that rather than condemn or alienate those students who might lie to us, or fail the commandments in some way or another, that we need to be forgiving and use the positive Christian influence of the college to help understand why some people find it difficult to be truthful in voice and deed and encourage these people back onto a Christian path in life.   We need to heed the words by Keenan (1999) mentioned earlier that we need to create the space where a person can feel comfortable enough to tell the truth.One of the main reasons people lie to others is based on their own fear of being judged by another person.   Most of us feel the need to make a good impression on others, so we feel we are not doing any harm by just omitting a few pertinent facts, or telling a few white lies to make ourselves appear better in a public light. A lthough the intention behind these actions may not be malicious, any form of untruth is a lie, and the only way we can be truthful people, and keep the ninth commandment is to be totally honest in all our dealings, both personal and professional.As students we are all well aware of how easy it is to be tempted to appear â€Å"better† in the way we behave, especially among our peers (Christian and non-Christian), but as Christians we are also aware of how important it is for us to live by higher standards than other non-Christian people might be prepared to live.   We need to remember that we are all sinners in some way or another, which is why I think that it is so important, when we do become aware that one of our Christian classmates is having problems being honest in their dealings, that we help rather than condemn him.   For example one of our classmates might be telling â€Å"white lies† to his parents because his grades are not as high as they should be.Even though we all learn the importance of being truthful in all of our thoughts, words and actions, it is not our place to ignore or shun that failing student – it is not our place to judge him.   Rather we should help him in spiritual ways by studying scriptures that are appropriate for the situation, and in practical ways by offering to help him study harder so that he is able to get a grade he can be proud of.   Blatnik (2004) told us that just one lie by one individual in a community can affect the whole community, but if we as Christian individuals hold fast to our own truths then through the power of prayer and understanding we can help our fellow students stay true to the teachings of Jesus Christ.The ninth commandment tells us we should not bear false witness against our neighbour – what it is asking us to do is to make truth the foundation for our lives here on earth.   Only when we are completely truthful in all of our dealings with other people around us c an we have an honest relationship with God, and that fact applies to all of us, not only as Christians, not only as college students, but also as members of the human race.ReferencesBlatnik, D.J., (2004).   The Ninth Commandment. Second Presbyterian Church Sermons, accessed online at http://www.2prelex.org/S040418.htm October 2, 2005Brueggemann, W., (1994).   The Book of Exodus, in The New Interpreter’s Bible, Vol. 1.   Nashville:   Abingdon PressChilds, B.S., (1974).   The book of Exodus: A critical, theological commentary.   Louisville: Westminster Press.Fretheim, T.E., (1991).   Exodus: Interpretation, a Bible commentary for teaching and preaching, Louisville: John Knox Press.Keenan, J.F., (1999).   Commandments of Compassion.   Franklin, WI: S.J. Sheed & WardOxford Modern Dictionary (Second Edition), (1996), New York: Oxford University Press.Ritenbaugh, J.W., (December 1997).   The Ninth Commandment, Forerunner, Personal. Charlotte, NC:   Church of t he Great GodSt. John in the Wilderness [online] (2001).   The Ten Commandments: 9. You shall not answer against your neighbor as a false witness.   Accessed at http://www.stjohnadulted.org October 2 2005.Timmerman, J.H., (1997).   Do we still need the Ten Commandments? A fresh look at God’s Laws of Love.   Minneapolis: Augsburg

Aboriginal Land Claims in Canada

Aboriginal land claims is the proposition contained in formal statements that are submitted to the provincial and/ or federal government by Aboriginal community claiming that the Crown has not honored its obligations or commitment in respect to treaty or Aboriginal rights as pertains land ownership and usage.Aboriginal land claims are Aboriginal (or Native) people’s claims about their land ownership rights which they inhabited before settlers, primarily Europeans arrived. It is a process that has been active for several decades in countries such as Canada, Australia and New Zealand.This dispute has been in existence due to the native populations’ displacement from their historical land or territory by the European settlers’ arrival.[1]The federal government is particularly involved in most Aboriginal land claims as the primary jurisdiction organ in this matter. The provinces are specifically involved in the sense that their involvement basically rests in ascertai ning historical occurrences that gave rise to such claims. Most of these claims require such assertion on private property, natural resources and Crown lands.The original treaties are therefore considered to evaluate the extent they have been honored or dishonored and the necessary redress in case of dishonor of the same.There is marked difficulty in defining aboriginal rights due to the diversity of the aboriginal cultures but most commonly, these aboriginal rights are defined as collective, inherent rights flowing from their traditional land occupation which is now the present Canada and other orders which are basically social pre-contacts.To many, this implies independence rights through culture, land, resources, governance and other aspects in respect to their self-determination.[2] This is as the Inuit, Mà ©tis and Indian peoples of Canada assert their rights. In this respect therefore, the nation, environment and race context must be put into consideration in dealing with thi s controversial issue that have raised much conflict and debate for several years.The 7th October, 1763 Royal Proclamation had been organized such that the North American’s new acquisitions by the Britain’s governments would not interfere with the Indian’s land interests, particularly in the Ohio Valley.It was also supposed to end the Great Abuses and Frauds. The major reason that led to this declaration was the fact that this area which was referred to as â€Å"Indian Territory† was reserved by the Royal Proclamation since it had not been ceded to or purchased by the British governments. It was thus reserved to them for their hunting endeavors and these Indians were not to be disturbed or molested even though they remained under Britain's protection.Much of the 20th Century Northern Canada’s development and settlement process has been subjected to these land claims which have been comprehensive for past thirty years, and as a result have undergone some significant transformational changes.This is as the aboriginal people have engaged themselves in the encroachment process concerning their customary livelihood restrictions as well as the transformation of their traditional territories.This involved; sedentarization and population relocation, governmental restrictions on fishing and hunting, river systems contamination, diversion, alterations, impoundment and pollution.[3] In the 1970s, Aboriginal legal and political action stimulated formal process establishments that were aimed at Aboriginal land claims resolution and revision of the treaty rights as well as the Aboriginal judicial interpretation.This is particularly seen in the geographers’ documentation of the claims. Furthermore, these documentations overtly expounds these remedies’ effectiveness as concerns the Canadian perspective changes towards the northern Aborigines, development and environment, and how the northern Canada resource regimes have been al tered by these land claims. There is therefore need for cultural understanding and personal awareness development that will foster positive attitudinal reflections on indigenous people’s contribution to overall Canadian development. [1] Charlesworth Max, 1984. The Aboriginal Land Rights Movement. New York: Hodja Educational Resources, pp.45 [2] Brock Peggy, 2001. Words and Silences: Aboriginal Women, Politics and Land. New York: Allen & Unwin, pp.32 [3] Crane John, 1994. Directions for Social Welfare in Canada: The Public’s Review. University of British Columbia Press, pp.12

Wal-Mart Scandal

New York Times reporter David Barstow uncovered a shocking story against retail giant, Wal-Mart. His investigation started after Wal-Mart shut down its internal investigation over the possible bribery of Mexican officials. Wal-Mart used these bribes to accelerate growth in their Mexican zoning areas. These allegations surfaced when a Hispanic lawyer contacted Wal-Mart headquarters in Bentonville Arkansas. This lawyer had inside information on Wal-Mart’s bribes, as he represented them in their acts. He was used as a middle man for Wal-Mart’s payoffs to these officials.Wal-Mart took action in defending its image. In 2005 the company launched an internal investigation that dug into the operations of Wal-Mart de Mexico. The reports put together obvious signs that the company had, in fact been bribing the city officials to open up zoning areas and to swiftly create building permits. These bribes reported to total above $24 million. Wal-Mart’s lead investigator had thi s to say after the investigation was conducted, â€Å"There is reasonable suspicion to believe that Mexican and USA laws have been violated. When Wal-Mart’s leaders were faced with the decision to continue the investigation, they gave it to Wal-Mart de Mexico to investigate; it was shut down. Wal-Mart didn’t notify Mexican or American law enforcement with the information and none of these wrong doings were brought to the public eye until the publication of Barstow’s article. Wal-Mart would obviously face critical examination by the public if the allegations were true; reasoning behind closing the investigation. Wal-Mart told the justice department that the investigation was unnecessary and the cases were minor where they did occur.The Time’s had a view in their investigation as they found substantial evidence supporting the bribes taking place. It’s believed that these bribes were the jump start Wal-Mart needed to gain its huge standing in Mexican society. 1 in 5 Wal-Mart’s are located in Mexico. The Times interviewed Sergio Cicero Zapata, who resigned from Wal-Mart de Mexico in 2004. Cicero told them of personal instances of him giving lawyers envelopes of money to pay off government officials. Cicero said that he had done these deals for years while working for Wal-Mart. Along with the information they received from Mr.Cicero, the times also found government documents with evidence of payoffs. These documents showed that within days of the money being given to the lawyers the permits were granted. The Times have published new stories exposing the company further with deeper information that they have gained through their investigation. Some of the information includes: * Wal-Mart pays $341,000 to officials in Mexico City to build a Sam’s club. The building was put in a densely populated area, and was done without a construction license, or an environmental permit or and urban impact assessment, or a traffic p ermit. Wal-Mart bribes officials to build â€Å"a vast refrigerated distribution center in an environmentally fragile flood basin north of Mexico City in an area where electricity is so scarce that many smaller developers turned away. † The bribe for this case was $765,000. * A zoning situation in Teotihuacan caused Wal-Mart to make a payment of $52,000 to enable them to build a store near a famous pyramid site. The citizens were enraged by the location of the store but the protests were ignored and the Wal-Mart was built.The mayor of Teotihuacan spent $77,000 buying and renovating a ranch the next year. Unexpected on a $47,000 yearly salary. * There have also been reports of Wal-Mart building on ancient ruin sites. They have been obtaining the permits to do so illegally. Now that the statements have been made public, Wal-Mart de Mexico has been under investigation by the U. S. and Mexican governments. The leadership is questionable within both Wal-Mart and Wal-Mart de Mexico . The high members of Wal-Mart de Mexico made a choice to shut down the investigation to cover up their tracks.The consequences of being discovered breaking the law to this extreme would put a huge chip on all of the Wal-Mart leaders’ shoulders. The growth of their business is also at stake. Apparently these bribes played a major role in the expansion of Wal-Marts across Mexico. The leaders located in Arkansas will more than likely be held accountable for irresponsible actions as well. If the allegations are true they could be found out for knowing about the illegal bribes. Ethical issues do not look good for leaders; it can dramatically impact the way the company is viewed.The actions of Wal-Mart making deals in Mexico could greatly affect the way the company is viewed and its overall standing to the public. With the investigation still ongoing it has yet to be clear what leaders at Wal-Mart are tied to the bribes in Mexico but it is undoubted by the New York Times that ther e are several people accountable for the actions. It is also possible that Wal-Mart has been doing this in other countries as well, but will only be confirmed when and if the government can obtain the information they need to prove wrong doing against Wal-Mart. Works Cited City. David Barstow; Alejandra Xanic Von Bertrab And James C. Mckinley Jr. Contributed Reporting From Mexico. â€Å"Vast Mexico Bribery Case Hushed Up by Wal-Mart After Top-Level Struggle. †Ã‚  The New York Times. 22 Apr. 2012. The New York Times. 04 Mar. 2013 . Radcliffe, Dana. â€Å"Leadership Lessons From Wal-Mart's Bribery Scandal. †Ã‚  The Huffington Post. 16 July 2012. TheHuffingtonPost. com. 04 Mar. 2013 .

Global Warming And Corporate Social Responsibility Engineering Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility is the uninterrupted committedness by concern to act ethically and lend to economic development while still assisting the quality of life of their milieus such as the local community and the society. ( Mallen Baker, Business Respect, [ Online ] , Avaliable: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mallenbaker.net/csr/definition.php [ 2010 ] ) This essay will discourse the general background of British Airways company and the state of affairs, cardinal facts, the stakeholders and their engagement and the ethical issues that has arised in the last five old ages. Alternate solutions, rating and decision will besides be discussed on the concluding portion of the essay. A A A A A A A A A British Airways is one of the largest air hoses worldwide that provides conveyance to its riders by plane. British Airways ‘ mission is to give its riders the best possible service in their flight so that they will truly value their stay aboard the British Airways ‘ aircraft. ( Dr Paul Toyne, Dr Andrew Sentence, Article 13 and CBI – CSR Case Study Series, [ Online ] Avaliable at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.article13.com/A13_ContentList.asp? strAction=GetPublicationHYPERLINK â€Å" hypertext transfer protocol: //owa.exeter.ac.uk/owa/kcjt201 @ isad.isadroot.ex.ac.uk/redir.aspx? C=aaedac0f05b944718bbb437ba845c374 & A ; URL=http: //www.article13.com /A13_ContentList.asp? strAction=GetPublication & A ; PNID=1320 † & amp ; HYPERLINK â€Å" hypertext transfer protocol: //owa.exeter.ac.uk/owa/kcjt201 @ isad.isadroot.ex.ac.uk/redir.aspx? C=aaedac0f05b944718bbb437ba845c374 & A ; URL=http: //www.article13.com/ A13_ContentList.asp? strAction=G etPublication & A ; PNID=1320 † PNID=1320 [ March 2006 ] ) Air conveyance is really efficient and good to its stakeholders, nevertheless, its gives out many negative impacts to the environment such as loud noises and the less obvious, C dioxide emanations. Climate alteration is arised as a immense issue in the 1990 ‘s. Carbon dioxide emanations are a nursery gas that lead to pollution which contribute to what is known as the â€Å" nursery consequence † or planetary heating. ( founded by Arrhenius and Callendar ) It besides comes from waste mopess when the gases can non allow the Sun ‘s energy radiate it back into the infinite. Each clip a plane takes off, fuel is burned breathing C dioxide ( C02 ) into the ambiance which contributes to the â€Å" nursery consequence † . The air hose industry has â€Å" a diverse and by and large unsatisfactory attitude † to carbon offsetting, a study from MPs says today. ( Peter Woodman, The Independent, PA Transport Correspondent [ Online ] Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change/mps-attack-british-airways-for-risible-attitude-to-carbon-offsetting-458386.html [ Monday, 23 July 2007 ] ) The harm done to the Earth ‘s ambiance is increasing and planning and action must be taken to forestall this. A major stakeholder in the company is the directors. The directors in British Airways took the action to fall in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ( UNFCCC ) and besides participated in the Kyoto Protocol to assist the nursery consequence job. In a meeting in Copenhagen, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change has told the air hose industry ( including British Airways ) to better its C efficiency by an mean 1.5 % per twelvemonth from 2005 to 2010 and by maintaining the marks of this growing yearly. Besides, the UNFCCC wants to see a 50 % decrease in C emanations from 2005 and 2050. ( United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change web site, [ Online ] , Avaliable: hypertext transfer protocol: //unfccc.int/2860.php ) and ( Giovanni Bisignani, IATA ‘s Director General and CEO, BioAge Group, [ Online ] , Avaliable at: h ypertext transfer protocol: //www.greencarcongress.com/2009/09/iata-20090923.html [ 2010 ] ) The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change gathers and portions information with each other about C dioxide emanations, make up one's minding on what methods are best to manage it and keep a good environment for the society. It launches national schemes and spreads them to each other within the convention to cover with the clime alteration. British Air passages joined the Kyoto Protocol and by making this, they agreed to cut down their emanations by 5 % by 2010 compared to the degrees of 1990. The UNFCCC and its Kyoto Protocol helps come up with schemes to assist BA ( British Airways ) solve the planetary heating job in an efficient mode. In the Kyoto Protocol, there are two undertaking mechanisms. First, the Joint Implementation ( JI ) allows industrialised states to co-operate with the developing states to transport out undertakings. This allows British Air passages to acquire aid by fall ining the Kyoto Protocol. Second, the Clean Development Mechanism ( CDM ) invol ves investing in undertakings to cut down C dioxide emanations. Huge Numberss of undertakings are supported by investings by the CDM including the CDM grapevine undertaking where immense Numberss of C dioxide emanations have been delivered off from the United Kingdom. British Airways ‘ actions to cut down C dioxide emanations are monitored and precise records are kept by the Protocol and experts squads are hired to reexamine these records. If the nursery consequence is non dealt with, H2O degrees could lift taking to inundations on some locations destructing ecosystems and the alteration in clime could consequence people ‘s wellness worldwide for people who can non accommodate to it. ( United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change website [ Online ] Avaliable at: hypertext transfer protocol: //unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/items/2830.php ) British Airways ‘ most of import stakeholder is its clients which are its riders. By making all this, appropriate action is taken by British Air passages to assist the life conditions of its riders. By taking action, British Airways promotes a good image for the company go forthing its clients with positive feedback. This will do it ‘s riders continue in buying the services of the concern as the concern shows good ethical behavior and shows that it is a corporate socially responsible concern. It besides shows that British Airways is a company willing and able to take the appropriate action to repair it ‘s jobs. The directors carried out studies and investigated that its employees have first-class client service. ( United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change website [ Online ] Avaliable at: hypertext transfer protocol: //unfccc.int/press/fact_sheets/items/4987.php ) The directors besides recruit CR ( corporate responsible ) experts and promote the employees to believe of their thoughts of their ain to assist with CR. The directors carried out a study in 2008 to oppugn its corporate duty. The response of this study led to the set up of the programme â€Å" One Finish † . The programme involves utilizing all the necessary agencies to cut down C dioxide emanations to forestall planetary heating and to keep a good corporate socially responsible position. However, even by making all this, BA was still left with unsatisfactory remarks that BA had merely purchased 1,600 metric tons of C beginnings which merely average to four return flights to New York. Global heating has to be dealt with, it leads to many jobs. ( Peter Woodman, The Independent, PA Transport Correspondent [ Online ] Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change/mps-attack-british-airways-for-risible-attitude-to-carbon-offsetting-458386.html [ Monday, 23 July 2007 ] ) It increases the temperature ensuing in the expansion of glacial lakes which could take to inundations. It besides leads to land instability which could ensue in avalanches. Both of the se consequences destroys the ecosystems of the animate beings populating in those countries. If this job is non dealt with, the alteration in clime could consequence the people ‘s wellness who can non accommodate to it such as the young person and aged. Besides, planetary warming leads to extreme conditions events which increase the costs of the concern to accommodate to these conditions. ( United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change website [ Online ] Avaliable at: hypertext transfer protocol: //unfccc.int/press/fact_sheets/items/4987.php ) A A A A A A A A A A A A A British Airways volunteered to fall in the European Union Emission Trading Scheme. ( EU ETS ) The EU ETS proctors and takes record of all the big C dioxide emitters and let them to breathe to a certain bound of C dioxide. If a company exceeds its allowance it has to buy allowances from other companies in the EU ETS or cut down on how much they emit. This allows British Air passages to buy excess C dioxide emanations than the sum that they are allowed if they need to for their services to maintain their clients satisfied. This allows the company to run its flights and services as normally expeditiously, nevertheless, it could lend to planetary heating if it goes over their C dioxide allowances often. ( Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia, [ Online ] , Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union_Emission_Trading_Scheme [ 5 March 2010 ] and British Airways, Up to day of the month article, [ Online ] Available: hypertext trans fer protocol: //www.britishairways.com/travel/csr-climate-policy/public/en_gb )Phase One:StateVerified emanationsChange2005200620072005-2007A Austria 33,372,826 32,382,804 31,751,165 -4.9 % A Belgique 55,363,223 54,775,314 52,795,318 -4.6 % A Cyprus 5,078,877 5,259,273 5,396,164 6.2 % A Czech Republic 82,454,618 83,624,953 87,834,758 6.5 % A Germany 474,990,760 478,016,581 487,004,055 2.5 % A Denmark 26,475,718 34,199,588 29,407,355 11.1 % A Estonia 12,621,817 12,109,278 15,329,931 21.5 % A Spain 183,626,981 179,711,225 186,495,894 1.6 % A Finland 33,099,625 44,621,411 42,541,327 28.5 % A France 131,263,787 126,979,048 126,634,806 -3.5 % A Greece 71,267,736 69,965,145 72,717,006 2.0 % A Hungary 26,161,627 25,845,891 26,835,478 2.6 % A Ireland 22,441,000 21,705,328 21,246,117 -5.3 % A Italy 225,989,357 227,439,408 226,368,773 0.2 % A Lithuania 6,603,869 6,516,911 5,998,744 -9.2 % A Luxembourg 2,603,349 2,712,972 2,567,231 -1.4 % A Latvia 2,854,481 2,940,680 2,849,203 -0.2 % A Nederlands 80,351,288 76,701,184 79,874,658 -0.6 % A Poland 203,149,562 209,616,285 209,601,993 3.2 % A Portugal 36,425,915 33,083,871 31,183,076 -14.4 % A Sweden 19,381,623 19,884,147 15,348,209 -20.8 % A Slovenia 8,720,548 8,842,181 9,048,633 3.8 % A Slovakia 25,231,767 25,543,239 24,516,830 -2.8 % A United Kingdom 242,513,099 251,159,840 256,581,160 5.8 %Entire2,012,043,4532,033,636,5572,049,927,8841.9 %( Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia, [ Online ] , Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union_Emission_Trading_Scheme [ 5 March 2010 ]Phase TwoMember State1st period cap2005 verified emanationsProposed cap 2008-2012Cap allowed 2008-2012A Austria 33.0 33.4 32.8 30.7 A Belgique 62.08 55.58 aˆ 63.33 58.5 A Czech Republic 97.6 82.5 101.9 86.8 A Estonia 19 12.62 24.38 12.72 A France 156.5 131.3 132.8 132.8 A Hungary 31.3 26.0 30.7 26.9 A Germany 499 474 482 453.1 A Greece 74.4 71.3 75.5 69.1 A Ireland 22.3 22.4 22.6 21.15 A Italy 223.1 222.5 209 195.8 A Latvia 4.6 2.9 7.7 3.3 A Lithuania 12.3 6.6 16.6 8.8 A Luxembourg 3.4 2.6 3.95 2.7 A Maltaaˆ aˆ aˆ aˆ 2.9 1.98 2.96 2.1 A Nederlands 95.3 80.35 aˆ aˆ 90.4 85.8 A Poland 239.1 203.1 284.6 208.5 A Slovakia 30.5 25.2 41.3 30.9 A Slovenia 8.8 8.7 8.3 8.3 A Spain 174.4 182.9 152.7 152.3 A Sweden 22.9 19.3 25.2 22.8 A United Kingdom 245.3 242.4 aˆ aˆ aˆ 246.2 246.2Sums2057.81910.662054.921859.27( Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia, [ Online ] , Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wik ipedia.org/wiki/European_Union_Emission_Trading_Scheme [ 5 March 2010 ] British Air passages set up a programme called â€Å" One Finish † . The programme allows British Air passages to run expeditiously while still taking action to cut down C dioxide emissions every bit much as possible. It has many ways to cut down its C dioxide emanations. British Airways was the first air hose to present a voluntary rider strategy and was besides the first air hose to win authorities blessing for it ‘s C countervailing actions. The voluntary rider strategy allowed riders on board flights to give payments to British Airways so that it could fund power workss and air current farms to cut down C dioxide emitted around the country. Deforestation increases the planetary C emanations by up to 25 % , which is a immense impact towards planetary heating. ( British Air passages, Up to day of the month article, [ Online ] Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.britishairways.com/travel/csr-climate-policy/public/en_gb ) British Airways is developing solutions with this programme to forestall deforestation taking to a better environment. Waste maneuvering groups have been recruited by the company to forestall waste excessively much extra waste to be deposited landfill countries which could besides take to carbon emanations. The company reduced that sum of paper by covering with it ‘s services electronically by electronic mail as possible and by altering its manuals, signifiers and studies to electronic agencies every bit much as possible. Overtime, British Airways waste issues decreased continuously. The company besides took reusing and recycling into history. Items that can be reused were donated to orphanhoods and furniture within offices and the aircraft were reused every bit much as possible. All the in-flight wastes were recycled and disposed of decently, which left some waste to be incinerated which avoids taking up landfill infinite. Besides, British Airways has decided to replace old theoretical account aircrafts to newer m ore environmentally friendly theoretical accounts cut downing emanations. All of these solutions of the programme are cost alot in finance but it will go forth its clients satisfied and will demo that it is a company willing to take action with good ethical beliefs leting it to maximize its net incomes in the hereafter without any jobs. A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A By fall ining the UK Emissions Trading Scheme which is apart of the European Union Emission Trading Scheme allows British Air passages to demo that it is a concern capable of taking action and believes extremely in its moral and ethical beliefs. They could besides profit themselves with free advertisement and it will demo high leading accomplishments. It besides shows that it is a corporate socially responsible concern by stand foring itself in the EU ETS. However, one should believe that, the company should hold focused more on the attempts on the programme â€Å" One Finish † as that showed more positive consequences. Even though, the company participated in the EU ETS, globally, from 2005 to 2007, there was an addition in emanations by 1.7 % . ( Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia, [ Online ] , Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union_Emission_Trading_Scheme [ 5 March 2010 ] ) By acquiring involved with the EU ETS, some clip and attempt was wasted particularly by its meetings where this could hold been spent elsewhere. British Airways handled the state of affairs expeditiously and smartly set uping the clime alteration programme, â€Å" One Finish † . The decrease of emanations and energy usage was needed to protect the people for what was known as the â€Å" nursery consequence † . This shows that the concern is corporate socially responsible and boosts its repute pulling inward investing and positive client feedback. One should believe that, the company should hold used its employees to come up with thoughts or have carried out studies to inquire its clients to come up with a solution that would be as efficient but leting them to carry through the clients ‘ demands but non increase the costs of the concern as much. Besides, the company could hold chiefly focused on one portion of the clime alteration programme, so it did non hold to pass enormously on such as air quality and the Auxiliary Power Unit ‘s and Ground Power Unit ‘s which were likely non as noticeable to its clients and could hold been avoided. ( British Air passages, Up to day of the month article, Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.britishairways.com/travel/csr-air-operating/public/en_gb ) A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A British Airways has decided to go corporate socially responsible because it recognises the importance in working with its stakeholders to demo that it is a company with good moral beliefs and ethical values. Climate alteration arised as an issue where C dioxide emanations is a nursery gas that lead to pollution which is known as the â€Å" nursery consequence † or planetary heating. British Airways contributed to planetary heating by its services where fuel is burnt when one of its aircrafts take off. The company joined the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol and the EU ETS to forestall C emanations every bit much as possible. The company besides set up a clime alteration programme called â€Å" One Finish † which had many side undertakings to come up with thoughts to look into the best possible agencies to cut down C emanations.Bibliography/Reference:1. Corporate Social Responsible: Mallen Baker, Business Respect, [ Online ] , Avaliable: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mallenbaker.net/csr/definition.phpA [ 2010 ] 2. Introduction to British Air passages: Dr Paul Toyne, Dr Andrew Sentence, Article 13 and CBI – CSR Case Study Series, [ Online ] Avaliable at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.article13.com/A13_ContentList.asp? strAction=GetPublicationHYPERLINK â€Å" hypertext transfer protocol: //owa.exeter.ac.uk/owa/kcjt201 @ isad.isadroot.ex.ac.uk/redir.aspx? C=aaedac0f05b944718bbb437ba845c374 & A ; UR L=http: //www.article13.com/A13_ContentList.asp? strAction=GetPublication & A ; PNID=1320 † & amp ; HYPERLINK â€Å" hypertext transfer protocol: //owa.exeter.ac.uk/owa/kcjt201 @ isad.isadroot.ex.ac.uk/redir.aspx? C=aaedac0f05b944718bbb437ba845c374 & A ; UR L=http: //www.article13.com/A13_ContentList.asp? strAction=GetPublication & A ; PNID=1320 † PNID=1320 [ March 2006 ] 3. The nursery consequence and planetary heating and citation: Peter Woodman, The Independent, PA Transport Correspondent [ Online ] Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.independent.co.uk /environment/climate-change/mps-attack-british-airways-for-risible-attitude-to-carbon-offsetting-458386.html [ Monday, 23 July 2007 ] 4. United Nations Framework Convention ( UNFCCC ) : United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change web site, [ Online ] , Avaliable: hypertext transfer protocol: //unfccc.int/2860.php ) 5. United Nations Framework Convention and the engagement of the British Airways and air power industry: Giovanni Bisignani, IATA ‘s Director General and CEO, BioAge Group, [ Online ] , Avaliable at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.greencarcongress.com/2009/09/iata-20090923.html [ 2010 ] 6. The Kyoto Protocol, Clean development mechanism ( CDM ) and Joint execution ( JI ) : United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change website [ Online ] Avaliable at: hypertext transfer protocol: //unfccc.int /kyoto_protocol/items/2830.php 7. Ethical motives and values of British Airways, the nursery consequence, clime alteration scientific discipline: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change website [ Online ] Avaliable at: hypertext transfer protocol: //unfccc.in t/press/fact_sheets/items/4987.php 8. British Airways and the constitution of â€Å" One Finish † : British Air passages, Up to day of the month article, [ Online ] Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.britishairways.com/travel/csr-climate- policy/public/en_gb 9. BA and the purchase of 1,600 metric tons of C offsettings: Peter Woodman, The Independent, PA Transport Correspondent [ Online ] Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.indep endent.co.uk/environment/climate-change/mps-attack-british-airways-for-risible-attitude-to-carbon-offsetting-458386.html [ Monday, 23 July 2007 ] 9. More Ethical motives and values of British Airways, the nursery consequence, clime alteration scientific discipline: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change website [ Online ] Avaliable at: hypertext transfer protocol: //unfccc. int/press/fact_sheets/items/4987.php 10. Introduction and intents of European Union Emission Trading Scheme: ( Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia, [ Online ] , Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Unio n_Emission_Trading_Scheme [ 5 March 2010 ] and British Airways, Up to day of the month article, [ Online ] Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.britishairways. om/travel/csr-climate-policy/public/en_gb 11. European Union Emission Trading Scheme chart ( Phase One ) on C dioxide emanations: Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia, [ Online ] , Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Un ion_Emission_Trading_Scheme [ 5 March 2010 ] 12. European Union Emission Trading Scheme chart ( Phase Two ) on C dioxide emanations: ( Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia, [ Online ] , Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Un ion_Emission_Trading_Scheme [ 5 March 2010 ] 13. British Airways and deforestation: British Air passages, Up to day of the month article, [ Online ] Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.britishairways.com/travel/csr-climate-policy/public/en_gb 14. European Union Emission Trading Scheme: ( Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia, [ Online ] , Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe an_Union_Emission_Trading_Scheme [ 5 March 2010 ] 15. Air quality and the Auxiliary Power Unit ‘s and Ground Power Unit ‘s British Air passages, Up to day of the month article, [ Online ] Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.britishairways.com/travel/csr-air-operating/public/en_gb )